To the Editor:
Recently, there has been significant interest in ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) program from OpenAI that is making its way into various fields, including medicine.
1
, 2
The program has been used to write a scientific article3
and even pass Master of Business Administration Course,4
the law-school entrance exam,5
and the medical license test,6
showcasing its remarkable capabilities and usability compared to previous AI models. Large language models, such as ChatGPT, are capable of learning and analyzing vast amounts of language data from various sources, and generating outputs in a human-like manner. Unlike traditional AI that simply analyzes objects and identifies patterns, ChatGPT can create new and unique objects and effects, making it a powerful generative AI.ChatGPT is a program equipped with a language model called Generative Pre-trained Transformer-3.5, which can output common knowledge quite accurately, and can also provide tailored responses based on detailed questions related to resuscitation medicine (Table 1). This is based on online articles, books, etc. that present cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines. CPR guidelines should be easily accessible and include recommendations and content related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation for healthcare professionals and the general public. However, it can be difficult for people who have not received basic life support education and do not have specialized knowledge to understand the guidelines. While it is possible to search for resuscitation methods via web surfing, incorrect knowledge may be acquired due to unreliable information and unclear sources. Compared to web surfing, ChatGPT allows you to quickly receive well-tailored answers to the desired questions and receive AI-based medical decision making based on the latest research and guidelines. Even without reviewing the guidelines and papers one by one, you can easily check the information summarized and extracted by AI.
Table 1The result of a conversation about when a cardiac arrest actually occurred in a special situation through ChatGPT (available on https://chat.openai.com/chat) on Feb 3, 2023.
| Questions and response through ChatGPT |
|---|
| Q1. When I meet a cardiac arrest patient at sea, tell me what to do as a lay rescuer. |
| Response: |
| As a lay rescuer, if you encounter a cardiac arrest patient at sea, here is what you should do:1. Call for emergency medical services (EMS) immediately.2. Start CPR immediately if the patient is unresponsive and not breathing normally.3. If available, use an automated external defibrillator (AED) to help restart the heart.4. Continue CPR until emergency medical services arrive or the patient starts to recover.5. Pay attention to your own safety while providing first aid to the patient.It is important to note that knowing CPR and basic first aid can greatly increase the chances of survival for a cardiac arrest patient. It is recommended to take a CPR and first aid training course to be better prepared in such situations. |
| Q2. In addition, is there any difference in the CPR method in case of cardiac arrest by drowning compared to normal cases? |
| Response: |
| Yes, there is a difference in CPR method for cardiac arrest due to drowning compared to normal cases. In cases of drowning, it is important to clear any water from the person's airway before starting CPR. This can be done by tilting the person's head back and lifting their chin while still maintaining the head tilt. If water is seen coming out of the person's mouth, continue to clear the airway until no more water is expelled. After clearing the airway, perform CPR according to standard guidelines. It is also important to seek professional medical help as soon as possible in cases of cardiac arrest due to drowning. |
| Q3. Please provide the source for each of the above two questions. |
| Response: |
| I am an AI language model and do not have the capability to source information. However, the American Heart Association is a reliable source for information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for lay rescuers. For information on CPR in case of cardiac arrest by drowning, you can refer to the guidelines published by the American Red Cross. |
Of course, according to “Garbage in, garbage out,” an algorithm approached based on inaccurate information can output inaccurate information, and the output information is solely the result of a sophisticated algorithm without human interaction, which can be dangerous in medical situations. Despite this, its utilization value can be very high due to its ability to provide personalized interaction and quick response time.
Information about CPR is gaining increasing interest among the general public. Previously, information about CPR was provided in the form of guidelines and articles, which were difficult for the general public to access, and could only be accessed through professional education. However, it is thought that the development of chat-style programs that can provide the latest information about CPR in a way that is easily accessible and understandable to the general public will be possible. Therefore, it is suggested that various options for quickly adopting and utilizing this technology in provision of information on resuscitation and CPR education be explored.
Funding
None.
Declaration of Competing Interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
References
- GPT-3: What’s it good for?.Nat Lang Eng. 2021; 27: 113-118
Jungwirth D, Haluza D. Feasibility Study on Utilization of the Artificial Intelligence GPT-3 in Public Health. 2023.
Transformer GGP, Thunström AO, Steingrimsson S. Can GPT-3 write an academic paper on itself, with minimal human input? 2022.
Terwiesch C. Would Chat GPT Get a Wharton MBA? A Prediction Based on Its Performance in the Operations Management Course. University of Pennsylvania: Mack Institute for Innovation Management at the Wharton School; 2023.
Choi JH, Hickman KE, Monahan A, Schwarcz D. ChatGPT Goes to Law School. Available at SSRN. 2023.
Kung TH, Cheatham M, Medenilla A, Sillos C, De Leon L, Elepaño C, et al. Performance of ChatGPT on USMLE: Potential for AI-Assisted Medical Education Using Large Language Models. medRxiv. 2022:2022.12.19.22283643.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 09, 2023
Accepted:
February 3,
2023
Received:
February 2,
2023
Identification
Copyright
© 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
