Abstract
These European Resuscitation Council education guidelines, are based on the 2020 International
Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations.
This section provides guidance to citizens and healthcare professionals with regard
to teaching and learning the knowledge, skills and attitudes of resuscitation with
the ultimate aim of improving patient survival after cardiac arrest.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to ResuscitationAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- The formula for survival in resuscitation.Resuscitation. 2013; 84: 1487-1493https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.07.020
- European Resuscitation Council COVID-19 guidelines executive summary.Resuscitation. 2020; 153: 45-55https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.001
- European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021–executive summary.Resuscitation. 2021; : 161
- An overview of the history of learning theory.Eur J Educ. 2018; 53: 86-101
- About behaviorism.Knopf, New York1974
- Construction of reality in the child.Routledge & Kegan Paul, London1957
- Taxonomy of educational objectives: the classification of educational goals. Handbook I: cognitive domain.Longmans, London1956
- Educational psychology: a cognitive view.Holt, Rinehart and Winston, New York1968
- Cognitive load theory.Springer, New York2011
- The Process of education.Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA1960
- Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes.Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA1978
- Motivation and personality.Harpers, New York1954
- Freedom to learn for the 80's.Merrill, New York1992
- Connectivism: a learning theory for the digital age.Med Teach. 2016; 38: 1064-1069
- Educational theory and its application to advanced life support courses: a narrative review.Resusc Plus. 2020;
- Andragogy in action: applying modern principles of adult learning.Jossey-Bass, San Francisco1984
- From andragogy to heutagogy: ultiBASE.2001
- Playing with heutagogy: exploring strategies to empower mature learners in higher education.J Further Higher Educ. 2010; 34: 59-71
- The adult learner. The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development.5th ed. Routledge, Woburn, MA2020
- Heutagogy fundamentals. Self-determined learning: heutagogy in action.Bloomsbury Academic, London2013
- Peer-led training and assessment in basic life support for healthcare students: synthesis of literature review and fifteen years practical experience.Resuscitation. 2012; 83: 894-899https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.01.013
- Education, implementation, and teams: 2020 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations.Resuscitation. 2020; 156: A188-A239https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.09.014
- European resuscitation council guidelines systems saving lives 2021.Resuscitation. 2021;
- Visible learning: a synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses related to achievement.Routledge, London2009
- Visible learning for teachers: maximizing impact on learning.Routledge, London2012
- European resuscitation council guidelines for basic life support.Resuscitation. 2021;
- Spaced learning versus massed learning in resuscitation – a systematic review.Resuscitation. 2020; 156: 61-71https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.08.132
- Kids Save Lives – ERC position statement on school children education in CPR: “Hands that help – training children is training for life”.Resuscitation. 2016; 105: A1-A3https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.06.005
- ‘Kids save lives’: why schoolchildren should train in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Curr Opin Crit Care. 2015; 21: 220-225https://doi.org/10.1097/MC.C.0000000000000204
- Let the kids play: gamification as a CPR training methodology in secondary school students. A quasi-experimental manikin simulation study.Emerg Med. 2019; 36: 653-659https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2018-208108
- Schoolchildren as life savers: at what age do they become strong enough?.Resuscitation. 2014; 85: 814-819https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.03.001
- At what age can schoolchildren provide effective chest compressions? An observational study from the Heartstart UK schools training programme.BMJ. 2007; 334 (in English): 1201https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39167.459028.DE
- Kids (learn how to) save lives in the school with the serious game Relive.Resuscitation. 2017; 116: 27-32https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.04.038
- Mandatory cardiopulmonary resuscitation competencies for undergraduate healthcare students in Europe: a European Resuscitation Council guidance note.Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020; 37: 839-841https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000001272
- Knowledge and attitudes on first aid and basic life support of Primary and Preschool teachers and parents.An Pediatr (Barc). 2020; 92: 268-276https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.10.010
- Basic life support knowledge of the future of the Infant and Primary School teacher. An unresolved problem in university study plans?.An Pediatr (Barc). 2019; 91: 344-345https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.10.010
- KIDS SAVE LIVES: ERC Position statement on schoolteachers’ education and qualification in resuscitation.Resuscitation. 2020; 151: 87-90https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.04.021
- Implementation of Basic Life Support training in schools: a randomised controlled trial evaluating self-regulated learning as alternative training concept.BMC Public Health. 2020; 20: 50https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8161-7
- Medical students teaching basic life support to school children as a required element of medical education: a randomised controlled study comparing three different approaches to fifth year medical training in emergency medicine.Resuscitation. 2007; 74: 158-165https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.11.017
- Teaching school children basic life support improves teaching and basic life support skills of medical students: a randomised, controlled trial.Resuscitation. 2016; 108: 1-7https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.08.020
- Development of a medical student cardiopulmonary resuscitation elective to promote education and community outreach.Cureus. 2019; 11: e4507https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.4507
- Impact of adult advanced cardiac life support course participation on patient outcomes-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Resuscitation. 2018; 129: 48-54https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.05.034
- Getting better together: a website review of peer coaching initiatives for medical educators.Teach Learn Med. 2020; 32: 53-60https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2019.1614448
- Time to identify cardiac arrest and provide dispatch-assisted cardio-pulmonary resuscitation in a criteria-based dispatch system.Resuscitation. 2015; 97: 27-33https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.09.390
- Dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation: time to identify cardiac arrest and deliver chest compression instructions.Circulation. 2013; 128: 1522-1530https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002627
- Cardiac arrest diagnostic accuracy of 9-1-1 dispatchers: a prospective multi-center study.Resuscitation. 2015; 90: 116-120https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.02.027
- Dispatch-assisted CPR: where are the hold-ups during calls to emergency dispatchers? A preliminary analysis of caller-dispatcher interactions during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using a novel call transcription technique.Resuscitation. 2014; 85: 49-52https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.08.018
- The continuous quality improvement project for telephone-assisted instruction of cardiopulmonary resuscitation increased the incidence of bystander CPR and improved the outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests.Resuscitation. 2012; 83: 1235-1241https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.02.013
- Targeted simulation and education to improve cardiac arrest recognition and telephone assisted CPR in an emergency medical communication centre.Resuscitation. 2017; 114: 21-26https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.02.013
- Simulation training to improve 9-1-1 dispatcher identification of cardiac arrest: a randomized controlled trial.Resuscitation. 2017; 119: 21-26https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.07.025
- Adult basic life support: international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations.Resuscitation. 2020; 156: A35-A79https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.09.010
- Automated external defibrillation skills by naive schoolchildren.Resuscitation. 2016; 106: 37-41https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.06.007
- Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19: guidelines from the Difficult Airway Society, the Association of Anaesthetists the Intensive Care Society, the Faculty of Intensive Care Medicine and the Royal College of Anaesthetists.Anaesthesia. 2020; 75: 785-799https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15054
- Impact of basic life-support training on the attitudes of health-care workers toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation.BMC Health Serv Res. 2017; 17: 674https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2621-5
- Identifying barriers to the provision of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in high-risk regions: a qualitative review of emergency calls.Resuscitation. 2018; 129: 43-47https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.06.001
- Assessment of community interventions for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis.JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3: e209256https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.9256
- Very brief training for laypeople in hands-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Effect of real-time feedback.Am J Emerg Med. 2016; 34: 993-998https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.02.047
- The effect of the duration of basic life support training on the learners’ cardiopulmonary and automated external defibrillator skills.Biomed Res Int. 2016; 2016: 2420568https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2420568
- Brief leadership instructions improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a high-fidelity simulation: a randomized controlled trial.Crit Care Med. 2010; 38 (In eng) [doi]: 1086-1091https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181cf7383
- Human factors in resuscitation teaching.Resuscitation. 2012; 83 (Review) (in English): 423-427https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.11.001
- Standardising communication to improve in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Resuscitation. 2020; 147: 73-80https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.12.013
- Effectiveness of digital resuscitation training in improving knowledge and skills: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.Resuscitation. 2018; 131: 14-23https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.07.033
- Electronic learning in advanced resuscitation training: the perspective of the candidate.Resuscitation. 2015; 97: 48-54https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.09.391
- Improving skills retention after advanced structured resuscitation training: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Resuscitation. 2019; 138: 284-296https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.03.031
- Improving pediatric basic life support performance through blended learning with web-based virtual patients: randomized controlled trial.J Med Internet Res. 2015; 17: e162https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.4141
- The Power of feedback revisited: a meta-analysis of educational feedback research.Front Psychol. 2019; 10: 3087https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03087
- Self-learning basic life support: a randomised controlled trial on learning conditions.Resuscitation. 2018; 126: 147-153https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.02.031
- The role of simulation in teaching pediatric resuscitation: current perspectives.Adv Med Educ Pract. 2015; 6: 239-248https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S64178
- Letter to the editor.J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018; 27 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29662518): 82
- Improved team performance during pediatric resuscitations after rapid cycle deliberate practice compared with traditional debriefing: a pilot study.Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019; 35: 480-486https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000940
- Pediatric resident resuscitation skills improve after “rapid cycle deliberate practice” training.Resuscitation. 2014; 85: 945-951https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.02.025
- Integration of in-hospital cardiac arrest contextual curriculum into a basic life support course: a randomized, controlled simulation study.Resuscitation. 2017; 114: 127-132https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.03.014
- Peer-led resuscitation training for healthcare students: a randomised controlled study.Intensive Care Med. 2002; 28 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=12107673): 698-700
- Peer education for BLS-training in schools? Results of a randomized-controlled, noninferiority trial.Resuscitation. 2015; 94: 85-90https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.06.026
- Advanced Cardiac Resuscitation Evaluation (ACRE): a randomised single-blind controlled trial of peer-led vs. expert-led advanced resuscitation training.Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2010; 18: 3https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-7241-18-3
- The school Lifesavers study – a randomised controlled trial comparing the impact of Lifesaver only, face-to-face training only, and Lifesaver with face-to-face training on CPR knowledge, skills and attitudes in UK school children.Resuscitation. 2017; 120: 138-145https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.08.010
- Using an immersive virtual reality system to assess lay provider response to an unannounced simulated sudden cardiac arrest in the out-of-hospital setting.Simul Healthc. 2019; 14: 82-89https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000338
- The use of serious games as an innovative educational strategy for learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation: an integrative review.Rev Gaucha Enferm. 2020; 41: e20190293https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190293
- Assessing the use of social media in physician assistant education.Int J Med Educ. 2019; 10: 23-28https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5c14.ef82
- Continuous Education of Basic Life Support (BLS) through social media; a quasi-experimental study.Arch Acad Emerg Med. 2019; 7 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30847439): e4
- Characterizing barriers to CPR training attainment using Twitter.Resuscitation. 2018; 127: 164-167https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.03.010
- Assessment of the accuracy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation videos in English on YouTube according to the 2015 AHA Resuscitation Guidelines.Emerg Med Int. 2019; 2019: 1272897https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/1272897
- The validity of YouTube videos on pediatric BLS and CPR.Telemed J E Health. 2016; 22: 165-169https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2015.0037
- Medical correctness and user friendliness of available apps for cardiopulmonary resuscitation: systematic search combined with guideline adherence and usability evaluation.JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2018; 6: e190https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.9651
- Free Open Access Medical education (FOAM) for the emergency physician.EMA – Emerg Med Aust. 2014; 26: 76-83https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12191
- Learning from mistakes on social media.Emerg Med. 2019; 36: 453-455https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2019-208501
- E-learning in advanced cardiac life support: outcome and attitude among healthcare professionals.Hong Kong J Emerg Med. 2019; 27(6: 328-333https://doi.org/10.1177/1024907919857666
- Standard basic life support training of the European Resuscitation Council versus blended training: a randomized trial of a new teaching method.Emergencias. 2020; 32 (in eng.spa): 45-48
- Back to reality: a new blended pilot course of Basic Life Support with Virtual Reality.Resuscitation. 2019; 138: 18-19https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.02.034
- The effect of pre-course e-learning prior to advanced life support training: a randomised controlled trial.Resuscitation. 2010; 81: 877-881https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.03.019
- Improving the efficiency of advanced life support training: a randomized controlled trial.Ann Intern Med. 2012; 157: 19-28
- E-learning in advanced life support--an evaluation by the Resuscitation Council (UK).Resuscitation. 2015; 90: 79-84https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.02.026
- Exploring realism in healthcare simulations. healthcare simulation education: evidence, theory and practice.Wiley Blackwell, West Sussex2018
- Influence of pre-course assessment using an emotionally activating stimulus with feedback: a pilot study in teaching Basic Life Support.Resuscitation. 2012; 83: 219-226https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.08.024
- The use of high-fidelity manikins for advanced life support training – a systematic review and meta-analysis.Resuscitation. 2015; 93: 142-149https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.04.004
- The effect of high fidelity simulators on knowledge retention and skill self efficacy in pediatric advanced life support courses in a rural state.J Pediatr Nurs. 2018; 39: 21-26https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2017.12.006
- Teamwork in healthcare: key discoveries enabling safer, high-quality care.Am Psychol. 2018; 73: 433-450https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000298
- Leadership of resuscitation teams: “Lighthouse Leadership’.Resuscitation. 1999; 42 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=10524729): 27-45
- An observational study of technical and non-technical skills in advanced life support in the clinical setting.Resuscitation. 2020; 153: 162-168https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.010
- Rating medical emergency teamwork performance: development of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM).Resuscitation. 2010; 81 (Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t) (in English): 446-452https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.11.027
- Measuring teamwork performance: validity testing of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) with clinical resuscitation teams.Resuscitation. 2016; 101: 97-101https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.01.026
- Part 15: neonatal resuscitation: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care.Circulation. 2010; 122: S909-S919https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.971119
- Debriefing for technology-enhanced simulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Med Educ. 2014; 48: 657-666https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12432
- Part 4: systems of care and continuous quality improvement: 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care.Circulation. 2015; 132: S397-S413https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000258
- Debriefing to improve outcomes from critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39 (Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t): 1513-1523https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-013-2951-7
- Debriefing in the emergency department after clinical events: a practical guide.Ann Emerg Med. 2015; 65: 690-698https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.10.019
- Educational opportunities with postevent debriefing.JAMA. 2014; 312: 2333-2334https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.15741
- Charge nurse facilitated clinical debriefing in the emergency department.CJEM. 2018; 20: 781-785https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2018.369
- Accuracy of postresuscitation team debriefings in a pediatric emergency department.Ann Emerg Med. 2017; 70: 311-319https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.01.034
- Perception of CPR quality: influence of CPR feedback, Just-in-Time CPR training and provider role.Resuscitation. 2015; 87: 44-50https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.11.015
- Influence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation coaching and provider role on perception of cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality during simulated pediatric cardiac arrest.Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019; 20: e191-e198https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000001871
- An evaluation of three methods of in-hospital cardiac arrest educational debriefing: the cardiopulmonary resuscitation debriefing study.Resuscitation. 2016; 105: 130-137https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.05.005
- Improving in-hospital cardiac arrest process and outcomes with performance debriefing.Arch Intern Med. 2008; 168 (In eng). DOI 168/10/1063 [pii]. 10.1001/archinte.168.10.1063 [doi]: 1063-1069
- Interdisciplinary ICU cardiac arrest debriefing improves survival outcomes.Crit Care Med. 2014; 42: 1688-1695https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000000327
- The impact of post-resuscitation feedback for paramedics on the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Resuscitation. 2017; 110: 1-5https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.08.034
- Variables associated with achievement in higher education: a systematic review of meta-analyses.Psychol Bull. 2017; 143: 565-600https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000098
- A systematic review of faculty development initiatives designed to enhance teaching effectiveness: a 10-year update: BEME Guide No. 40.Med Teach. 2016; 38: 769-786https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2016.1181851
- The impact of an objective structured teaching evaluation on faculty teaching skills.Teach Learn Med. 2012; 24: 3-7https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2012.641476
- The effect of two different faculty development interventions on third-year clerkship performance evaluations.Fam Med. 2008; 40 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18465282): 333-338
- Does clinical teacher training always improve teaching effectiveness as opposed to no teacher training? A randomized controlled study.BMC Med Educ. 2014; 14: 6https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-6
- The problem of poor retention of cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills may lie with the instructor, not the learner or the curriculum.Resuscitation. 1991; 21: 67-87
- Poor quality teaching in lay person CPR courses.Resuscitation. 2007; 73 (in English): 271-278https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.09.008
- Official lay basic life support courses in Germany: is delivered content up to date with the guidelines? An observational study.Emerg Med. 2015; 32: 547-552https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2014-203736
- Resuscitation training for lay persons in first aid courses: transfer of knowledge, skills and attitude.Anaesthesist. 2016; 65: 22-29https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-015-0113-8
- Kids save lives: a six-year longitudinal study of schoolchildren learning cardiopulmonary resuscitation: who should do the teaching and will the effects last?.Resuscitation. 2016; 101: 35-40https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.01.028
- Teaching student-centred educational approaches to general practice teachers.Med Educ. 1994; 28: 234-238https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.1994.tb02704.x
- A theory-based faculty development program for clinician-educators.Acad Med. 2000; 75: 498-501https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200005000-00024
- Evaluation of a faculty development program for family physicians.Med Teach. 1988; 10: 75-83https://doi.org/10.3109/01421598809019328
- Beneficial and harmful effects of augmented feedback on physicians’ clinical-teaching performances.Acad Med. 1998; 73 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9526460): 324-332
- Challenging feedback myths: values, learner involvement and promoting effects beyond the immediate task.Med Educ. 2020; 54: 33-39https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13802
- Variables that affect the process and outcome of feedback, relevant for medical training: a meta-review.Med Educ. 2015; 49: 658-673https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12744
- Public awareness and self-efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in communities and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a multi-level analysis.Resuscitation. 2016; 102: 17-24https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.02.004
- Deliberate practice and the acquisition and maintenance of expert performance in medicine and related domains.Acad Med. 2004; 79 (in English): S70-S81
- Measuring self-assessment: current state of the art.Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract. 2002; 7: 63-80https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014585522084
- Facilitating students’ reflective practice in a medical course: literature review.Educ for Health. 2012; 25: 198-203https://doi.org/10.4103/1357-6283.109787
- A reflective analysis of medical education research on self-regulation in learning and practice.Med Educ. 2012; 46: 71-79https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04100.x
- Peer coaching for improvement of teaching and learning.J Interdisc Res Educ. 2016; 6: 64-70
- Medicine as a community of practice: implications for medical education.Acad Med. 2018; 93: 185-191https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000001826
- Effect of advanced cardiac life support training on resuscitation efforts and survival in a rural hospital.Ann Emerg Med. 1997; 29: 529-533https://doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(97)70228-2
- In-hospital resuscitation: association between ACLS training and survival to discharge.Resuscitation. 2000; 47 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=11004384): 83-87
- Benefits of training physicians in advanced cardiac life support.Chest. 1986; 89: 512-516https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.89.4.512
- Evaluation of advanced cardiac life support in a community teaching hospital by use of actual cardiac arrests.Heart Lung. 1995; 24 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=7759271): 116-120
- Advanced cardiac life support training improves long-term survival from in-hospital cardiac arrest.Resuscitation. 2007; 72 (in English): 458-465https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.06.039
- Does resuscitation training affect outcome from cardiac arrest?.Accid Emerg Nurs. 2000; 8: 46-51
- The efficacy of an ACLS training program for resuscitation from cardiac arrest in a rural community.Ann Emerg Med. 1994; 23 (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=8273960): 56-59
- Impact of advanced cardiac life support training program on the outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a tertiary care hospital.Indian J Crit Care Med. 2011; 15: 209-212https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-5229.92070
- Impact of neonatal resuscitation trainings on neonatal and perinatal mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ Paediatr Open. 2017; 1: e000183https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2017-000183
- Effect of home-based neonatal care and management of sepsis on neonatal mortality: field trial in rural India.Lancet. 1999; 354: 1955-1961https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(99)03046-9
- Effect of training traditional birth attendants on neonatal mortality (Lufwanyama Neonatal Survival Project): randomised controlled study.BMJ. 2011; 342: d346https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d346
- Advanced trauma life support training: how useful it is?.World J Crit Care Med. 2016; 5: 12-16https://doi.org/10.5492/wjccm.v5.i1.12
- Educational and clinical impact of Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) courses: a systematic review.World J Surg. 2014; 38: 322-329https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-013-2294-0
- Advanced trauma life support training for hospital staff.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; : CD004173https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004173.pub4
- Part 3: evidence evaluation process: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations.Resuscitation. 2010; 81: e32-e40https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.023
- The effect of the Advanced Paediatric Life Support course on perceived self-efficacy and use of resuscitation skills.Resuscitation. 2007; 73: 430-436https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.10.018
- Dynamics and association of different acute stress markers with performance during a simulated resuscitation.Resuscitation. 2012; 83: 572-578https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2011.11.013
- Influence of gender on the performance of cardiopulmonary rescue teams: a randomized, prospective simulator study.Crit Care Med. 2017; 45: 1184-1191https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002375
- Association of self-esteem, personality, stress and gender with performance of a resuscitation team: a simulation-based study.PLOS ONE. 2020; 15: e0233155https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233155
- The train the trainer model for the propagation of resuscitation knowledge in limited resource settings: a systematic review.Resuscitation. 2018; 127: 1-7https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.03.009
- Debriefing after simulation-based non-technical skill training in healthcare: a systematic review of effective practice.Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015; 43: 300-308https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X1504300303
Joseph C, Danoff CJ. Paragogy: synergizing individual and organizational learning. UK: Knowledge Media Institute, The Open University; https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiversity/en/6/60/Paragogy-final.pdf.
Article info
Publication history
Published online: March 24, 2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V.
