Abstract
These European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Cardiac Arrest in Special Circumstances
guidelines are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the modifications
required to basic and advanced life support for the prevention and treatment of cardiac
arrest in special circumstances; specifically special causes (hypoxia, trauma, anaphylaxis,
sepsis, hypo/hyperkalaemia and other electrolyte disorders, hypothermia, avalanche,
hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia, pulmonary embolism, coronary thrombosis,
cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, toxic agents), special settings (operating
room, cardiac surgery, catheter laboratory, dialysis unit, dental clinics, transportation
(in-flight, cruise ships), sport, drowning, mass casualty incidents), and special
patient groups (asthma and COPD, neurological disease, obesity, pregnancy).
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